Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) causes pain on the outside of the elbow, often when gripping, lifting or turning a doorknob. Despite the name, most people who get it don't play tennis. The good news: the large majority of cases improve without surgery, even ones that have lasted a long time.
Why tennis elbow can linger
Tennis elbow is usually a degenerative tendon problem rather than simple inflammation. The tendon fibers become disorganized from repeated strain, which is why rest alone often isn't enough and why it can take months to settle.
First-line treatments
- Eccentric and isometric exercises: Specific loading exercises are among the most effective long-term treatments.
- Counterforce brace: A strap below the elbow reduces strain on the tendon during daily tasks.
- Activity changes: Adjusting grip, tools and lifting technique reduces repeated stress.
When that's not enough
- PRP injections: Tennis elbow is one of the most studied uses of PRP. Several studies suggest better long-term results than cortisone for chronic cases. Learn about PRP.
- Shockwave therapy: A non-invasive, in-office treatment for chronic tendon pain, usually given in several sessions. Find shockwave providers.
- Percutaneous tenotomy: A minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided needle procedure that removes damaged tendon tissue through a tiny incision.
- Cortisone injections: Can give short-term relief, but studies show higher recurrence over time, so many specialists use them sparingly.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is usually considered only after 6 to 12 months of well-done non-surgical treatment without improvement, or when there's a significant tendon tear.
Read our full guide to alternatives to elbow surgery.
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This article is for general information only and is not medical advice. Talk with a qualified physician about your diagnosis and treatment options.
